CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOFTWARE PIRACY
End-User Piracy
When users copy software without appropriate licensing for each copy. This includes both casual copying and distribution between individuals, and companies who do not strictly monitor the number of software licenses they install and do not acquire enough licenses to cover their software installations. It also consists of unlicensed PCs caused by customers who have the misperception that their Volume License covers the full Windows desktop operating system, which it does not; Volume Licensing provides only for Windows desktop upgrades.
Pre-installed Software Piracy
When a computer manufacturer takes one copy of software and illegally installs it on more than one computer. Consumers should be on the lookout for proper license documentation when purchasing a new PC, to ensure they're getting what they paid for. For more information on what to look for, visit the COA page.
Internet Piracy
When unauthorized copies are downloaded over the Internet. If downloads are made available on the Internet, make sure that the publisher has authorized this distribution.
Online Auction Piracy
Online Auction Piracy: takes several forms, such as
Software resold in violation of the original terms of sale, NFR (Not for Resale), or OEM software that is never authorized for resale by a third party.
Online distributors offering special deals with the software publisher, liquidated inventories, or acquisition through bankruptcy sales. These types of phrases are used to fool consumers into believing that they are getting genuine product that wouldn't otherwise be discounted.
CD-R Piracy
"CD-R Piracy" is the illegal copying of software using CD-R recording technology. This form of piracy occurs when a person obtains a copy of a software program and makes a copy or copies and re-distributes them to friends.
Commercial Use of Non-commercial Software
"Commercial Use of Non-commercial Software" is using educational or other commercial-use-restricted software in violation of the software license is a form of software piracy.
Hard-disk loading
"Hard-disk loading" occurs when an individual or company sells computers preloaded with illegal copies of software.
Manufacturing Plant Sale of Overruns and 'Scraps
"Manufacturing Plant Sale of Overruns and 'Scraps" occurs when unsold legitimately produced software intended for destruction is misappropriated.
OEM Piracy/Unbundling
"OEM Piracy/Unbundling" is known as OEM (original equipment manufacturer) software, is only legally sold with specified hardware. Whether misappropriating OEM software constitutes piracy is subject to interpretation - a software publisher would have a difficult time prosecuting a person who successfully purchases a genuine OEM copy who, according to the license agreement was supposed to purchase a retail copy. This is because a court must also consider laws relating to the commercial sales of goods such as the Uniform Commercial Code in the United States, which are more established in law and which can be interpreted to prohibit or nullify licensing terms that negate the established nature of a common sale transaction.
Softlifting
"Softlifting" is a neologism invented by anti-piracy advocates, and is a term used to describe when a person purchases a single licensed copy of a software program and loads it on several machines, in violation of the terms of the license agreement.
Unrestricted client access piracy
"Unrestricted client access piracy" occurs when a copy of a software program is copied onto an organization's servers and the organization's network "clients" are allowed to freely access the software in violation of the terms of the license agreement.
Counterfeiting
When illegal copies of software are made and distributed in packaging that reproduces the manufacturer's packaging. Counterfeit registration cards with unauthorized serial numbers are often included in these packages.It is the duplication and sale of unauthorized copies of software in such a manner as to try to pass off the illegal copy as if it were a legitimate copy produced or authorized by the legal publisher.
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